Leadership And Gender Differences Of A Man And A Woman

Leadership and Gender Differences The term Leadership† is defined to lead the followers the right path. Many people have a view that a leader will not exist until and unless he has followers. I feel this view is true as a single person is not capable of doing all the works just by himself/herself. When leadership comes the big question arises How people are leading the followers? Is there any difference between a leadership of a man and a woman†? So, due to all these questions leadership seems to be very vast. If we see the ancient view then in those days men were seen as the bread winners and women were seen as the homemakers. Today, women has broken all those myths and is coming forwards as a successful leader. It is very common†¦show more content†¦Stereotype plays a vital role in the matters such as how people behave with each other’s. Situations are not always the same and the behavior of people too changes according to the situation and circumstances. Many people believe that stereotypes are always negative, but this is not true all the time. Sometimes, the truth is being overshadowed by the term stereotype and the myths related to it. The perspective of judging people on the basis of their gender is one of the oldest practice. Believes such as men are meant to go out and work whereas women are meant to be in the home and take care of it is one of the oldest believe. In Romania there were very few women in publication business involved in the top position than men. The data analysis done in Romania in various fields showed that men actively participated in almost all the fields such as science, technology, agriculture etc. whereas in the field such as occupation the wome n involvement seems to be much more higher than men (Cinlac, 2013). The argument about leadership difference between men and women can be said as a long term debate. The perception of people vary from one another and there too exists the difference in the situations which makes the scenario different from one another. This article has tried to focus just on the leadership styles used by the different leaders. The environment, culture and so on plays a vital role on how a leader thinks. A leader

Nursing Informatics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1169 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction The concept of information technology is changing the field of healthcare with the use of new tools such as devices and software. The transformation has particularly transformed the nurse who is the reason why the healthcare information technology is always known as nursing informatics. The following paper is a discussion of a relation on how a nurse can work on four steps which are knowledge, information, data and wisdom continuum. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nursing Informatics" essay for you Create order The paper describes how the gained information can turn it into usable knowledge. The progress of using the useful knowledge to the wisdom in the making decision is also discussed in the paper. Nursing informatics is applied in practice to assist in the organization and application of data, knowledge, information, and wisdom. The continuum of information, data, wisdom, and knowledge depicts how nurses use facts in decision making and providing health care (Topaz 2013). The continuum offers an insight in how the nursing informatics contribute in different levels of comprehending, evidence-based practice and decision making. The content is made up of four ideas which are overlapping. The plans include the data, knowledge, information and wisdom. The component of information is given the structure of data while that of knowledge is attributed from the identification of the relationships and patterns which exist between the different types of information. The aspect of data is a representation of the symbols which speak to the characteristics of events, objects and the environment where they exist particularly when the environment alone cannot possesses little significant (Knudsen 13). The component of wisdom is mainly the use of knowledge to clarify issues which are aligned to human. The concept shows the form of intelligence as the ability to define the skills and information within the components of utilizing, caring and judgment to settle on the decision and attention. There are different types of transition which a nurse faces time after time, and therefore, it is important for a nurse to have special skills in the management of these forms of development. An example is a transition which is attributed to the immigration, changes in their health and managerial development. The theory of transition has been greatly used in the nursing research, practice and education due to its wide importance and applications. This transition from the hospital to home is a matter of concern in this context. For example, in the theory of transition, it is proposed that the condition of a few people such as high support from the family will encourage a high level of transition from hospital to homes in adults who are fairly older. Therefore, the field has a specific theory which serves as the factor that holds the different points of data together to produce information that is important. For instance, the level of family support (Topaz 2013). This information is later utilized and integrated with the help of the hypothesis of transition in the building of knowledge concerning a particular phenomenon. The component of wisdom in the structure is taken care of by the clinicians in the field. An example is the final results, which will be a decision by the support to help the nurses of a home care with evidence which is recognizable to the risk of the patient for the results that are poor (American Nurses Association 2014). At the particular moment of utilization of tool in practice, the nurse will be required to make a rush decision to show a certain knowledge which is presented in each clinical occasion. An example is a clinical practice which is prescribed in every particular state and the universal morals in nursing. In the end, the nurse will make the use of their knowledge to give recommendations and make an outstanding judgment by using the information that is obtained as the tools of decision making and the support that is offered. An example in the nursing field on the utilization of the data, knowledge, information, and wisdom is a male middle age patient who is fairly obese. The blood test of the patient shows that he is suffering from high cholesterol intolerance and impaired glucose. All these information represents the data of this patients. There is a discussion of the results of the blood test of the patient between the doctor and the patient, who is invited to return for a visit of follow-up. The second blood test of the patient represents the information which is then taken by the nurse who then refer to the electronic health record of the patient. The addition of this data to the system will represent knowledge (Knudsen 13). The illustration is a flow of information from data to knowledge and knowledge to wisdom. It is also a demonstration of how a nurse can use the continuum in their daily activities and how the informatics a significant role. The technology is utilized in the support of nursing profession and in the care of patients and changes of immediate development and collection of new services. The dynamics and advancement of the nursing considerations, specialization of therapeutic services and treatment should be incorporated to improve the examination of how to outfit opportunities and handle challenges. This helps in the reduction of damages that emanates from the use of robots during the period of transition. The intention of using the instruments that are advanced is among the main techniques aimed at meeting the expected social insurance crisis (American Nurses Association 2014). The informatics of wellbeing includes the commitment which arises from a few sources such as medical informatics, nursing informatics, dental informatics and clinical informatics. The accomplishment in the health informatics and biomedical are seen in the provision of care to the progressive treatments that are customized, symptomatic procedures and in the advancement of health management techniques to control conditions which are interminable. They also add to the counteractive action, moving assignment or early intersection to meet the necessities for maturing and freedom. After a while, a few effort have been developed to show the diversity in the interdisciplinary of health informatics. The people who are interested in the health informatics are normally educated and skilled. To join the field one is required to have an extensive knowledge in the field of computer and date science (Topaz 2013). In this context, the health informatics will be analyzed from a state of takeoff to have an extended knowledge in the commitment of a nurse especially in the field of nursing informatics. The application of an analysis of field like Personal Health Records and assis tive device such as Electronic health Records, home dwelling, savvy and community care cases are used as tools of data. Conclusion The above paper describes the data, knowledge, wisdom and information and how the information obtained from the framework can be used and transformed into usable knowledge. The structure of data, information, wisdom, and knowledge represent interrelated parts of the model. The entered data is utilized in the generation of knowledge and information while the obtained knowledge is integrated to the wisdom to develop an assessment of data that has new elements.

Role Of Uniformity In Utopia - 1019 Words

The Role of Uniformity in Utopia Utopia by Thomas More creates a unique opportunity for readers to examine the society of a fictional island filled with practices out of the collective norms. More’s Utopia written in 1516, addresses the customs, faith, and politics of a fictional island. Utopia is described by traveling philosopher Hythloday as a perfect society that values sameness and old traditions. Utopia, a crescent-shaped island built by General Utopus, is 500 miles of uniformity in every aspect imaginable. In Utopia, the uniformity of the country involves a range of things from the control of family sizes to the community eating regimen. The eating regimen in Utopia is begun by the trumpet sounding and the community†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦they take care that there should be no more than six thousand households in each city†¦each family containing between ten and sixteen adults.† (235). Utopians make sure there is a balance amongst their island in hopes to give every fam ily a fair chance of being successful. In traveling, Utopians show solidarity by caring for one another as they travel throughout the island. Utopians do not travel with anything but themselves because they are taken care of by their hosts. â€Å"Wherever they go, though they take nothing with them, they never lack for anything because they are at home everywhere.† When traveling through their district in Utopia, it is custom to provide the sector with assistance as if you are at home. Utopians are considerate of one another in every way. Uniformity is represented even in the way the citizens of Utopia regard silver and gold. Although the island has a large amount of treasure, they only use it externally. Gold is used to pay for emergencies that could arise amongst themselves with other nations. Utopians have gold throughout their homes even used as means for building chamber pots because they all believe the value of gold to extend that low. In most countries, gold is valued so highly it is often the reason behind corruption. The Utopian people could easily turn against one another and begin to value gold more than their sense of unity. Hythloday shares with More the philosophy of the Utopians, â€Å"however abundant goodsShow MoreRelatedKirstie Williams. Benson. English 271 Distance Education.1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthis essay, we will analyze Utopia’s role in the common laws, the religious freedoms, and dystopia/utopia similarities throughout More’s literature. I. Introduction A. Imagine you are a sailor, sailing the vast emptiness of the ocean. B. To your dismay, the storm thrashes waves against your boat. C. You find yourself on the island of Thomas More’s Utopia D. Some facts about Thomas More II. Common Law / Commonplace / Customs A. The commons in Thomas More’s Utopia are drastically different from theRead MoreUtopia And The Tempest By William Shakespeare1368 Words   |  6 PagesUtopia and The Tempest In Shakespeare is last play, the Tempest, originality is shown in the different settings and themes within the story. Within the Tempest, there is a world of imagination and illusion that challenges readers to look beyond reality and the world of non-existence, not existence. Through the play a utopia what can be found. It is something that many characters when they are on the island throughout. Within the tempest and Utopia, many differences and similarities between the socialRead MoreUtopian and Dystopian Fiction2498 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is Utopia? According to The Random House Dictionary, utopia is a place or state of political or social perfection based upon the novel of Utopia by Thomas More. Philosophers, writers of all sorts of novels and movies are constantly trying to imagine and conceive plans for an idyllic state of today. The irony of utopia is that it means ‘no place, good place’ implying that utopia is an idealistic place that can never happen in rea lity. Then, what is dystopia? Thefreedictionary.com’s definitionRead MoreIn The Period Following World War Ii, There Were Drastic1715 Words   |  7 Pages the pseudo-utopias ultimately collapse on both a physical, social, and political level. The decay of the natural environments in the texts reflects the unstable reality of the political environment in Britain during consensus. With the restructuring of British society in the second half of the 20th century and the overwhelming anxieties regarding decline and the role of genetics, political rhetoric stressed a nationalistic identity based on faulty notions of sameness and uniformity. With the constructionRead MoreThe Chinese Exclusion Act Suspended The Immigration Of All Chinese Workers2025 Words   |  9 Pagescontinues to ruin American culture by deporting immigrants. Yet researchers have shown the positive effects of immigration. Immigration is beneficial to America because immigrants provide cultural diversity, suppor ts the economy, and eliminates uniformity that creates a dystopian society. Firstly, immigration in America allows cultural diversity to flourish. One example of cultural diversity is spirituality. Spirituality is a process of personal transformation, whether in accordance with traditionalRead MoreApplication of Marxist Theory of Socialism in Philippine Setting1647 Words   |  7 Pagesis no utopia but the only alternative to a slow and painful descent into barbarism. But it will not come about automatically even in a million years. Only a socialist revolution, that is, the conscious movement of the working class to take control over their own lives, can effect this change. This requires the building in advance of a trained and educated leadership that can ensure its success. For the last hundred years, the capitalist system has ceased to play a historically-progressive role. ItRead MoreBrave New World, Representative Of A Utopia Or A Dystopia?2190 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to critics, is â€Å"Brave New World â€Å"representative of a utopia or a d ystopia? Throughout history, many have wondered about what the future may hold for mankind. Will there be war or peace, success or failure, unity or disunity? One of the most asked questions, society can ever form a utopia. There are countless theories and opinions as to what will truly become of this planet in the years to come. As a result, there has been a tremendous amount of works dedicated to the concept of a futureRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Architecture2038 Words   |  9 Pagestheir dream and science made building possible. Science and architect share a mutual goal where both intended to improve the society life style or in another word, to achieve community utopia. Science and architect is one of the main elements to promote utopia and this really make the society to believe that utopia exist. The future will be the combination of science and spirituality, and they should be together forever. In fact, only when we successfully continue to improve our level of consciousnessRe ad MoreThe Practice Of The Garden City Ideas1567 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciples for design. Also, they recommended relocating employment and providing different housing types and tenures in order to achieve a socially and economically balanced community. Besides that, they encouraged freedom in ideas and avoiding uniformity. 32 New Towns were designated in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1970. The principles for design have evolved. However, there are some common design elements through all New Towns: (1) Neighborhood unit: the neighborhood units contained housingRead More Brave New World Introduction Essays2157 Words   |  9 Pagesconsequences upon his novels and upon his critical reputation. In a 1961 interview Huxley explained his conception of Brave New World. quot;The new forces of technology , pharmaceutics, and social conditioning can iron modern humans into a kind of uniformity, if you were able to manipulate their genetic background. if you had a government unscrupulous enough you could do these things without any doubt.we are getting more and more into a position where these things can be achieved. And it is extremely

Milton The Achievement Of Humans - 938 Words

John Milton’s Paradise Lost, a 17th century poem encompassing marriage and idolatry brings about the theme of death to human beings for the first time as well as the loss of their place in paradise. However, one is not to blame for the fall of man. Lucifer tempted Adam and Eve to eat the Forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, instigating sin. According to Milton, this is â€Å"humankind’s first act of disobedience towards God† (SN Editors). â€Å"[For humans] an idea is like a virus, resilient, highly contagious. The smallest seed of an idea can grow† (Nolan).The need for this unattainable knowledge â€Å"can grow to define or destroy you† (Nolan). Thus, Books I IX declare that the power of Lucifer ultimately catalyzes the downfall of mankind,†¦show more content†¦So why must we surrender to sin, being only Human? The Genesis describes the fall of man as abominable. Incomparable to life, death is seen as either a jovial process or an afflicting one, where, â€Å"[we] are dust, and to dust [we] shall return† (Genesis 3:19). How can Humans resist temptation? It is the curiosity and the desire for new knowledge that derives this need for novelty; it could be a promotion or a big mansion that attracts an individual. It is that unattainable desire to fill our happiness because we perceive it as an empty void. The only way we think we can fill that void is with money, and quickly we have succumbed to a sin, Greed; a sin which makes us Humans along with Wrath, Sloth, Pride, Lust, Envy and Gluttony. Nevertheless, God sees beyond who we are. The church may say â€Å"problem† but God says â€Å"problem solved.† Religion is a man made idea and God is simply: God. Throughout Paradise Lost, we delve into the effects of Lucifer on Milton, Adam and Eve, Humans and Lucifer’s own misdoings. Nonetheless, Lucifer cannot be held accountable for his misdoings since we fell into the same trap. However, Humans and Lucifer differ in that we accept our faults and mistakes. We forgive, forget and love. Adam seeks solace from God, and he tells him he loves him. He went from the Perfect Human, to a Good Human. Thus, Humans are not a fallen race they are ratherShow MoreRelatedLycidas Analysis1492 Words   |  6 Pagesspontaneous expression of sorrow. The elegiac poet engages himself in discursive reflections. Death, the primary theme of most elegies, is a vast evocative theme. Death can be, and is often, the starting point for the poet to deal with serious themes. Milton, for example, gives us in Lycidas, speculations on the nature of death, tributes to friends, and also literary criticism. The central metaphor is the death of a shepherd-poet, who is portrayed in an appropriately idyllic setting. With the pastoralRead MoreParadise Lost Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesinversion of his role in the Bible, in which a serpentine form of the devil tempts Eve to disobey God, subsequently causing the first humans to be expelled from the blissful Garden of Eden into the suffering and toil of the real world. Satan is not so much a character in the original story so much as a living representation of of curiosity, wickedness, and desire. But Milton saw similarities between his own personal life and the fictional story of Satan. He examines Satan’s history, motivations, and innermostRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1035 Words   |  5 Pagesdefiance, to which Beelzebub replies unconsciously. Milton creates this shift so subtly that it is hardly noticed and highlights through this that the gift of the gab—the talent of persuasive speech—is virtually the only resource that Satan possesses. However, th e gift of the conversation is extensive and enough for Satan to carry on and try to meet his motives. It earns Satan the allegiance of his own conquered army, which, though a hard achievement, he has been able to manage swiftly and without muchRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesepic hero that best fits them. An epic hero goes by the definition of, a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events. This being said can make any possible being, an epic hero if that being has done what is required. In John Milton’s, â€Å"Paradise Lost†, the character of Satan presents itself as an epic hero, Milton tests that the character of Satan forces the reader to consider the possibility that Satan may actually be a hero, or at the very leastRead MoreAn Analysis of Dr. Susan Calvin in I, Robot, by Isaac Asimov1702 Words   |  7 PagesA hero is defined as a person noted for special achie vements in a field. Dr. Susan Calvin, the main character of the novel I, Robot, is made the hero because of her special achievements in the field of robotics. Dr. Calvin is a robopsychologist who uses many different methods of problems solving to solve the problems that other scientists and mathematicians were incapable of doing. Through these many adventures in the field of robotics, Dr. Susan Calvin displays her many character traits to the readerRead MoreDeconstruction Of Online Realities : Why They Censored And Western Philosophy Of Ethics1330 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularity and changeability of any grasp of reality by our senses. The idealists thus emphasize that truth can only be attained by reason (Ruggiero, Plato and Theory of Forms, 2002). That is why the reason of exploring the online reality and fundamental human rights of speech are important to explore. The story of Reno versus ACLU tells us about Janet Reno American attorney general (1993-2001) in the United States, who was in the position of American Civil Liberty Union where an independent organizationRead MoreAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost1442 Words   |  6 Pagesheroism. Despite all the definitions for a hero, it remains factual that a hero would be someone that the readers would delight in relating to. A hero is an object of admiration and it would make sense for readers to want to emulate and celebrate him. Milton does an impeccable job of relating the Biblical Fall of Man to an intriguing literary piece whose purpose is to â€Å"justify the ways of God to Man† as he states at the beginning of Book I. Through various books in the epic poem, the reader is able toRead MoreAlbert Carr, Milton Friedman and Immanuel Kant970 Words   |  4 Pag esthe employees must use their moral judgment to decide what they think is the right actions to behave. Wherein this action may possibly involve rejecting the primary focus of the company, which is to maximizing the profit. In addition, Albert Carr, Milton Friedman, and Immanuel Kant did a good job of explicating about a theory of business ethics. However, what theories are appropriate and whose behaviors become the standard ethics? 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Public Relations in Wilson Garments-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Problems faced by Wilson Garments. Answer: Organization Background Wilson Garments is a textiles company that specializes in manufacturing of textiles and the company has more than 500 employees. Robert Wilson is the founder and the Owner of the company, which is located in Northern Territory Australia. The companys accounting management includes, financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting. The method used for accounting is Cash accounting method. Issues with Public relations in Wilson Garments One of the main challenges in the public relations of the company is to access the media outlets. It means that the editors of the media outlets tend to publish or screen the public relation messages with accuracy and professionalism. In the present times when technology has so much advanced, there are too many messages, some true and some not. These messages spoil the reputation of the company. There was a time when television, radios and newspapers were the only channels through which the public could be reached, but now things have changed there are many channels apart from the three traditional channels of press releases, now emails and social media are in the trend. It becomes very difficult for the Pubic relation Agent to decide which of the following campaigns would be the most appropriate for delivering messages to the target audience. Social Media often seems like the most appropriate channel for delivering the messages, because it is economic to run the social media campaigns, but there were certain problems faced by the company when it ran a social media campaign on Facebook. It happened that the message was also delivered on other social media platforms like Twitter and Instagram, it was hence very difficult to measure the impact of the campaigns in the different platforms. Public relations is a two way process, now the audiences have the opportunity to see and respond to the messages immediately, therefore there is a requirement for hiring an employee who would monitor the responses on the social media platforms and alter the messages as per the feedback of the target audience. One of the major issues that the company is facing is related to the financial constraints, press releases and the public relations campaigns cost many financial resources, raising funds for conducting public relation activities is quite a challenge for the company. There was a scenario when the PR agent was not effective enough to conduct the campaigns and effectively sending the messages to the clients. Certain irrelevant messages were communicated to the audience and the company, which adversely affected the company. There were certain ethical issues related to the Public relations, the public relation agent leaked the confidential information of the company in the media, which was used by the competitor. Accounting related issues in Wilson Garments The company earlier practiced the Cash accounting, in cash accounting system entries are recorded only after the payment has been received, the company used to face problems. There were lot of discrepancies in the entries, the entries did not match the bills, at the end of the month when the entries and the invoices were matched, often it was found that the some of the bills were always not entered, hence it was difficult in the end to calculate the profits. Due to the errors caused by the cash accounting method the accountant always has to revise and redo the entries, hence the process consumed lot of time. Accounting management in an organization requires skilled and efficient professionals, Wilson has one such accountant who was not efficient and lacked adequate knowledge about the subject, he was not experienced, made many mistakes in the entries. It was very difficult for the company to follow the standards of the International standard of financing reporting, the companies around the world follow the IFRS. The company initially manually adjusted its entries, the record keeping technique was very difficult to maintain because the accountant needs to be very careful while entering the records, there are chances that error might occur in the process of doing the adjustments. When the company shifted to computerized system after it realized that the manual accounting is very risky process, it faced certain problems after introduction of the computerized system for accounting, the problems included the installation cost of the computerized system and the software up gradation requires a heavy costs. Training of the employees required a huge cost, there were certain unanticipated errors, computers unlike human do not have the ability to judge the errors, if a wrong entry is made then the result will also be based on the wrong entries, computer will only calculate the entries put by the accountant. One of the major issues related to the use of computerized accounting is that, there are chances of breach in the security, due to the virus attacks. In case of system failure and technical faults, there is disruption of work. GAAP compliance The biggest problems of management accounting technique are that most of the techniques are not compliant with the generally accepted accounting principles, GAAP. Management accounting techniques are dependent on the time variable, the timeliness of the information allows the business owners to take important decisions, when the company has to determine the sales of next year, and the company has to wait for the next year to come in order to get the most accurate figures. Management accounting information is usually very costly, most of the time the management accounting information requires time and money for design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, this sometimes requires the current employees to do accounting job in order to fulfill the work requirements, hiring more employees and external consultants. This technique prepares different costs estimates based on the uncertainty in prediction. Adapting the activity based costing system the company might want to see the cost saving from the additional information if the cost of implementation was 1, 5 or 10 percent more or less. An unexpected expense puts the project in risk. Ethical issues in professional Accounting Management Ethical issues are the main concerns in the Accounting Management, no company wants to face legal battles, or spoil its image because of the ethical issues, Companies to succeed often put undue stress on the accountants in creating the balance sheets and financial statements. It is very challenging for the accountant to main true reporting of the assets, liabilities and profits without giving in to the pressure created by the management. Un ethical accountants alter the figures and the financial records of the company in order to show false profits. This kind of false representation of companys financial statement might bring prosperity for short term but when the fraud would be caught, the company might face long-term problems, including legal battles and negative publicity of the company, which results in downfall of the company. Strategies used by Wilson Garments to address issues related to the Public relation. While planning the press releases of the company, the media outlets were already decided, and the messages to be communicated was not disclosed to any outsider, to ensure the privacy of the company. To make sure that the company does not have to face heavy costs for its public relations, the company mostly used emails and social media campaigns, running social media campaigns are cheaper than using televisions and radios. The company also used newspapers for the communication of the messages, because newspapers are also cheaper methods for press releases. The company hired a very efficient and trustworthy Public relations agent. Word of mouth, press coverage and endorsements, have been relying upon one marketing tactic the third-party credibility. No matter who the target market is, the most appropriate way to is to make people communicate and influence others why they chose the product or service of any particular organization and the company for effective PR strategy. There has been a rise of self-publishing platforms and social-media networks, brands can collaborate with the individuals whose published content attract and influence the target audience. The company also collaborated with the self publishing platforms for its Public relation campaigns. Apart from press releases and prized interview slots, influencers were engaged in Public relations activities, with impactful images on Instagram, wel l thought-out prose on Twitter or a series of compelling videos on YouTube. In present times where due to advance technologies, the smart consumer inspects brands. Consumers watch reviews and videos that show inadequate customer service to Twitter comments that defame brands for not satisfying the customers the companies cannot hide the defects. This has acted as a challenge as well as an opportunity for the company to make and implement core values that influence the customers to change their focus from negative attributes to the positive attributes of the company, so that it can relate to the audience. For this the company is indulging in CSR activities, the owner of Wilson Garments is sponsoring unprivileged children for their education, this had helped the company a lot in building good image among audiences. The company decided to choose more and more social media campaigns, the company has a facebook page that it uses for communicating to its audiences. The page is mostly used to conduct contest for its customers, these contests are designed to attract the customers towards the products of the company, the winning contestants are offered discount coupons. This particular strategy was for both promotion and building strong PR. Facebook blueprint helps to analyze the response of the customers towards particular campaigns. So the company decided to use Facebook campaigns. The company has directed its PR agents not to disclose any matter apart from what has been planned to communicate, the press releases are scrutinized by the company first then it is released so that no unnecessary matters are communicated in the media. The company has also made strong ties with many local media agencies, this ties play a very important role in the PR activities. The company made sure the candidates selected as the PR agent is efficient enough to handle the media and the audiences, this requires the PR agent to be experienced in the field. The company after facing problem from the inefficiency of previous PR implemented this strategy. The company planned few public events in the popular places of the city, this events were based on certain social issues, the idea behind this strategy was to connect to the audience. This is where the likes ofGoogle alertscome into use. Monitoring any new product in the domestic market will soon let the company know of any reaction to it, positive or negative. With the most influential bloggers having the power to instantly make or break a product or story, the company has also used the technique, to be ready to build on positive news or counter negative news. Consumer created content is the fastest growing medium on the web today so the company decided to implement this strategy and gain advantage from it There is no better PR strategy than local awareness. Consumers especially are more inclined towards buying into a product or idea that gives back to the community. The company uses environmental friendly techniques, the fabrics used for manufacturing of the textiles are skin friendly, keeping in mind that some people are allergic to certain fabrics, it can be said the companys strategy is to focus on quality and this particular attribute of the company is communicated every time. The company also creates awareness among the customers, in all its public events, the kind of clothing they should wear and what kind of fabrics are to be avoided. Strategies taken by Wilson Garments to solve the problems related to accounting. The cost accounting method that the company used before was the reason for many problems that the company faced, like mismatch of the invoices and the entries, so the company started using the Accrual method of accounting. Accrual method of accounting is that method of accounting in which the entries are recorded when the transactions take place, irrespective of the fact that the payment is made or not, this method helps in combining the current cash inflows and outflows with future expected cash inflows and outflows, thus it gives the accurate picture of companys current position. Implementation of this method helped the company to save time because there were very fewer discrepancies after the adoption of the accrual accounting method by the company. After facing problem due to inefficiency of the accountant who lacked accurate accounting knowledge relevant the company made changes in the methods of hiring employees, Wilson Garments now hires employees only after checking the knowledge and experience of the candidates. Wilson now conducts aptitude tests and tests for checking the knowledge of candidates in accounts, this has helped the company now to hire efficient accountants. Due to the problems faced in following the IFRS now Wilson Garments adopted a strategy to follow both GAAP and the IFRS guidelines. Globalization, economic and the financial meltdown has affected many countries, in order to eliminate the difference between the GAAP and IFRS have been introduced in the international accounting system. In order to cope with the problem faced by the manual adjustments of financial data, manually calculating often caused errors. The company switched to the computerized accounting systems, but they made sure there is not too much dependency on the computerized system because at times when there is some technical faults with the system there are chances of losing of the important financial data. The made sure that all the systems are installed with anti-viruses to avoid the virus attacks. The company used to have one accountant before, but for the efficiency of accounting information, Company had setup finance and accounts department. In the new department which few staffs were appointed for the manually checking the records and collection of invoices and few staffs handled the computerized accounting operations like the online invoices, this way the company made sure that its information are not lost. The company also used cloud-computing methods for better accounting management. The company also had setup an IT department for the maintenance of the systems, so that the information is not lost. The company instead of training the old employees for updating them to new technology after it shifted to the computerized system, it hired new employees who were efficient in using the computer aided accounting systems. To solve the ethical issues related to accounting, the company strictly communicated to its employees to be ethical in the practices of management accounting, be careful while making the entries and recording the financial statements. It also conducted Ethics compliance programs for employees so that the employees understand the importance of ethics in business, especially in the accounts department References Arredondo, R., 2014. Why revisit your cost-accounting strategy.Healthcare Financial Management,68(7), pp.68-74. Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Ciesielski, J.T. and Weirich, T.R., 2015. Current Accounting Issues Facing Chief Accounting and Chief Financial Officers.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,26(5), pp.63-72. Culbertson, H.M. and Chen, N., 2013.International public relations: A comparative analysis. Routledge. Dandago, K.I. and Rufai, A.S., 2014. Information technology and accounting information system in the nigerian banking industry.Asian Economic and Financial Review,4(5), pp.655-670. DeFond, M.L., Hung, M., Li, S. and Li, Y., 2014. Does mandatory IFRS adoption affect crash risk?.The Accounting Review,90(1), pp.265-299. Dodge, A. ed., 2015.Public relations: Strategies and tactics. New York, NY: Pearson. Dodge, A. ed., 2015.Public relations: Strategies and tactics. New York, NY: Pearson. Doyle, J.T., Jennings, J.N. and Soliman, M.T., 2013. Do managers define non-GAAP earnings to meet or beat analyst forecasts?.Journal of Accounting and Economics,56(1), pp.40-56. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Dye, J.L., Carland, J.W. and Carland, J.A.C., 2015. Are Small Businesses Falling through the GAAP?.Journal of Small Business Strategy,2(2), pp.50-55. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hglund, L., Holmgren Caicedo, M., Mrtensson, M. and Svrdsten, F., 2016. Management accounting of control practices: a matter of and for strategy. Inthe 9TH INTERNATIONAL EIASM PUBLIC SECTOR CONFERENCE, held in LISBON, PORTUGAL, SEPTEMBER 6-8, 2016.. Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.1-20. Parsons, P.J., 2016.Ethics in public relations: A guide to best practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Reddi, C.N., 2014.Effective public relations and media strategy. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Schaltegger, S., Etxeberria, I.. and Ortas, E., 2017. Innovating Corporate Accounting and Reporting for SustainabilityAttributes and Challenges.Sustainable Development,25(2), pp.113-122. Scholes, M.S., 2015.Taxes and business strategy. Prentice Hall. Smith, R.D., 2013.Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Stahlin, W., Harris, P., Arnold, L.W. and Kinkela, K., 2013. A Comprehensive Case Study: US GAAP Conversion to IFRS. Sugahara, S., Sugahara, S., Watty, K. and Watty, K., 2016. Global convergence of accounting education: An exploratory study of the perceptions of accounting academics in Australia and Japan.Asian Review of Accounting,24(3), pp.254-273. You, J., Wang, H., Fan, L. and Zhu, C., Zte Corporation, 2016.Accounting method and device. U.S. Patent 9,408,057.

Investigation Critical Service Determinants

Question: Discuss about the Investigation Critical Service Determinants. Answer: Introduction The aim of this project is to identify and analyze the issues related to the professional accounting, management and public relation of Woolworths Limited. At the same time, the study also provides some possible solutions so that the company can solve its issues easily. The study follows a systematic structure that starts with the identification of risks related to the professional accounting, management and public relation respectively. Each of the issue is analyzed with the help of theories and models. After that, the study provides the solutions based on the findings in the analysis. Woolworths Limited is one of the largest retail organizations in Australia as well as in the international market. The company is operating its business for more than 92 years (Woolworthsholdings.co.za 2016). Woolworths Limited deals with wide product range, which includes clothing items, food items, hardware and financial services (Woolworthsholdings.co.za 2016). However, recently, the company is facing several issues related to its professional accounting, management and public relations. These issues are identified below: Identifying the issue related to the professional accounting at Woolworths Being the largest retailers in Australia, Woolworths Limited has recruited highly qualifies professionals to take care of the accounting department of the company (Rose, Hawryszkiewycz and Kang 2015). However, in recent survey, the management of the company has identified that the professional accountants of the company are facing a big issue in measuring the assets and liabilities of the company of a particular financial year. It has been disclosed in the annual reports of the company that the company follows the accounting guidelines provided by AASB and IASB (Woolworthsholdings.co.za 2016). As in the guidelines of AASB there is no strict guideline regarding the method of measurement of the assets and liabilities of the company, there are huge confusions among the accounting professionals regarding the method of measurement (Cameron et al.2015). Some of the accountants believe that the historical cost method can be followed because that method is easier and simple to understand. On the other side, some of the accounting professionals believe that fair value method is more appropriate for measuring the assets value of the company. However, most of the time, the company has followed the historical cost method for measuring values of its current assets (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). On the other side, the company has measured the financial assets of it on the basis of the fair value method. These measurement techniques create major problems for the accounting professionals of the company (Collier 2015). If this particular issue at Woolworths Limited is analyzed based on the accounting theory or accounting measurement theory, then it can be identified that both of the measurement techniques are right. However, Macve (2015) stated that Fair value method of measurement is more scientific than the historical cost method. This is because in the fair value method, the accounting measurements are done based on the current market price of the assets and liabilities, which is not possible in case of historical cost method of measurement (Bratten, Causholli and Myers 2015). In case of historical cost method, the value of the assets is determined in an unrealistic way because the depreciation is charged on the assets is not appropriate. Demerjian, Donovan and Larson (2016) mentioned that following the mixed method that is combination of fair value method and historical cost method is not right because the base of these two methods are different. Therefore, measuring the assets based on the mix ed method provides improper value of the total assets of the company (Macve 2015). Therefore, it can be said that this measurement issue of Woolworths Limited is a major accounting issue at current scenario. Identifying the issues related to the management at Woolworths Limited At the current scenario, the management at Woolworths Limited is currently facing several issues related to the managerial activities of the company. The biggest managerial issue that the company is currently facing is related to the managerial decisions regarding the selection of locations and botched store roll out strategy of the company (Zarkada-Fraser and Fraser 2015). This indicates that the management has made mistake while segmenting and targeting the market. In this context, it can be stated that, the management of the company has not followed the STP model properly (Methner, Hamann and Nilsson 2015). The STP model provides the guidelines regarding the segmentation, targeting and positioning activities of a company. If this particular managerial issue of the company is analyzed with the help of STP model, then it can be identified that the company has not focused on the geographic segmentation much. Due to this, the management has taken wrong decision regarding the selection of the locations for the outlets of the company. Feigin (2016) noted that, the management at Woolworths Limited has selected the most unfavorable locations for the business and due to that in 2015, the company has faced loss in the hardware section. Another managerial issue faced by the Woolworths Limited is maintaining the stores properly. In the surveys, it has been identified that many customers of Woolworths Limited has complained that they are very disappointed because many times they have found that the shelves at the stores of Woolworths Limited are out of stock (Mortimer and Ingersoll 2015). The customers do not get the right product at right time; however, the company has enough inventories. This indicates that there is fault in the store management of the company. If this particular managerial issue of the company is analyzed by the supply chain management theory, then it can be identified that there is problem between the inbound logistic and outbound logistic of the company (Ahsan and Rahman 2016). At the same time, it can also be identified that there is a problem in proper internal communication system of the company. Woolworths Limited is also facing another managerial issue and that is related with the pricing of its products (Woolworthsholdings.co.za 2016). Many customers of the company have complained that the prices of the products of Woolworths Limited have increased than before. Due to this, the company is losing some customers. If the pricing strategy of the company is analyzed on the basis of pricing models, then it can be identified that the company has focused on psychology pricing model or strategy (Hill and Day 2015). However, as the customers in the current era are much conscious about the pricing, they are not satisfied with this pricing model or strategy. Identifying the issues related to the public relation of Woolworths Limited Woolworths Limited is also facing the issue in building better public relations. The major issue that the company is facing in its public relation activities is in selection of proper media for conducting the public relation. The company has mainly concentrated on the televisions and newspaper for the public relation activities (Woolworthsholdings.co.za 2016). However, in the current scenario, the best media for the public relation activities is the social media. Due to the wrong selection of the media, the company is unable to convey its messages to the right people at the right time. Another issue in public relation activities is inefficiency of the public relation agents of the company. Santos et al. (2015) commented that though the company has hired the well-known public relation agents, the efficiency level of the public relation agents is not up to the mark. Due to this issue, the company is failure to promote itself properly in the market. Alden (2016) stated that the public relation agents of Woolworths Limited are failure to convey the values of the organization to the people or customers in the market. Due to this, the public relation activities of the company are not effective in todays context. Another vital public relation issue is the public relation agents of the company mainly focuses on the propaganda rather than the ethical promotion. This is directly affecting the brand image of the company. Using the propaganda, the public relation agent of the company is able to attract the customers, but that is creating high level of customers dissatisfaction (Booth and Coveney 2015). Customers come to the outlets or stores of Woolworths Limited and purchase the products of the company, but after using the products, they are not finding the products up to the standard that the company promised to them through public relation activities. This is a vital issue for the company (Cameron et al.2015). Therefore, in the above, it can be identified that Woolworths Limited is facing several issues in professional accounting, management and public relations. All of these issues are affecting the performance level of the company to the higher extent. Therefore, it is very important to identify the proper solutions for these issues of the company. Some possible strategies for Woolworths Limited are provided below, which can help the company in solving its current issues. Strategies for solving the issues In order to solve the issues related to the professional accounting, management and public relations, Woolworths Limited may apply the following strategies: In the above, it has been identified that the professional accountants at Woolworths Limited are much confused regarding the selection of best method for measuring the assets value of the company. For the current assets measurement, the accountants follow the historical cost method and for the financial assets, the company follows the fair value method (Macve 2015). However, the study has identified that following the mixed method is not effective because in the mixed method, the valuation of different assets is done on the basis of different assumptions. However, as per many financial experts, fair value method is more appropriate that the historical cost method. The fair value method is based on the current market price, which is more valid for measuring the value of the assets than the historical cost (Bratten, Causholli and Myers 2015). The fair value method properly considers the depreciation of the assets, which is not done in case of the historical cost method. Therefore, it w ill be better for the company if it follows he fair value measurement method for measuring the assets value. Concentrate on the supply chain management: In the discussion regarding the management issues of the company, it has been identified that Woolworths Limited has the issues in maintaining the stocks at the shelves in the outlets. The company is also losing many customers due to this problem. Therefore, in this case, the company can concentrate on the supply chain management (Hill and Day 2015). The company can introduce better technology to improve the connection between the inbound and outbound logistics. At the same time, the company also requires to recruit efficient employee, who can take care of the stock level in the stores. In order to improve the supply chain management the company can apply the lean management strategies (Booth and Coveney 2015). The lean management system will help the company to maintain smooth flow of stock from the inventory to the outlets or stores of Woolworths Limited. Improve the communication level The management at Woolworths Limited needs to improve the communication level within the organization. In order to improve the communication level, the management of the company can concentrate on the technologies. The internal technology of the company must be advanced enough that provides the scope to run a systematic and smooth communication channel or network within the company (Mortimer and Ingersoll 2015). The company focuses on the online communication system. This will help to decrease the communication time within the company. Concentrate of geographic segmentation: The management at Woolworths Limited must concentrate on the geographic segmentation. Proper geographic segmentation will help the company to identify the right place for setting up the outlets of Woolworths Limited. The company can conduct the geographic segmentation based on different regions. It has been identified several times in several researches than the tastes and preferences of the people are same in one particular region (Bratten, Causholli and Myers 2015). Therefore, by segmenting the market as per the regions, the company can easily identify the right region or place for the business. Penetration and economic pricing strategy: The management at Woolworths Limited can concentrate on the market penetration pricing strategy. This particular pricing strategy will help the company to keep the price level of the products and services at low range and this will help to attract the customers, who are more prices conscious. Along with the market penetration pricing strategy, the company can also concentrate on the economic pricing strategy (Cameron et al.2015). This particular strategy will also help the company to maintain the price level at low range, which helps to attract and satisfy the customers. The management at Woolworths Limited must concentrate on the social media like, Facebook and Twitter for the public relation activities. In todays context, most of the people are active in the social media. The lifestyle of the people is so busy that they do not get the time to follow television. Therefore, if Woolworths concentrate on the social media for the public relation activities then they can do it in a better way. Avoid propaganda: The company must suggest the public relation agents to avoid any propaganda during the public relation activities. This will help the company to enhance the reliability of the public relation activities. Appoint the efficient public relation agent: The management at Woolworths Limited must appoint efficient public relation agents for the PR activities of the company. This will help the company to enhance the quality of the PR activities of the company. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that the Woolworths Limited is one of the largest retailers in the Australian as well as in the international market. The study has also identified that the company is recently facing trouble in the professional accounting, managerial activities and public relation activities. In case of professional accounting, the professional accountants of the company are confused about the selection of proper assets measurement method. However, the study has suggested that the company must concentrate on the fair value method for measurement. On the other side, the study has also disclosed that the company is also facing several managerial issues related to the pricing, store maintenance and communication. The company is also facing some issues related to the public relation activities. The study has suggested the possible strategies for improving the current situation of the company. Reference list: Ahsan, K. and Rahman, S., 2016. An investigation into critical service determinants of Customer to Business (C2B) type product returns in retail firms.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,46(6/7). Alden, S., 2016. Warning! Don't think that an agreement to act in good faith is to be taken lightly.Governance Directions,68(3), p.174. Booth, S. and Coveney, J., 2015. Big FoodThe Industrial Food System. InFood Democracy(pp. 3-11). Springer Singapore. Bratten, B., Causholli, M. and Myers, L.A., 2015. 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